The Outer Worlds, unlike many games, does not feature any colourblind options in its settings menu. This is not an oversight, however; the game has been designed to be colourblind friendly by default.
Discussing The Outer Worlds on Twitter, Obsidian studio design director, Josh Sawyer, explained that the entire game has been designed to not rely on colour for information. Rather than important colours, the UI uses icons or other indicators to convey vital information.
PSA: The Outer Worlds does not have a colorblind mode because it was designed to be playable without color information. I.e., color information is redundant with other indicators. Tim Cain (one of the directors) has a form of colorblindness that approaches monochromacy.
Source: IGN.com The Outer Worlds Has No Colourblind Mode Because It Doesn't Need One